TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

Tetralogy of fallot is the most common heart disease in children. This disease causes poor blood oxygen in oxygen-rich blood is pumped from the heart and circulatory system of blood vessels in the mix.
• The blood leaves the heart of oxygen below that required by organs and tissues of the body, a condition called hypoxemia.
• Chronic (ongoing, long-term) the lack of oxygen causes cyanosis, bluish skin, lips and membranes in the mouth and nose.

Congenital anomaly, which consists of four defects: pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, malposition of the aorta so that it follows the failure of the septum or right ventricle and right ventricular hypertrophy. Tetralogy of Fallot is actually four defects together. Tetralogy of Fallot constitutes about 10 percent of all congenital heart defects. A French physician, Etienne Fallot, described the fault in 1888. Infants may require surgery (for example, the Blalock-Taussig procedure) to improve the blood flow to the lungs and decrease cyanosis. When the child is in its infancy, corrective heart surgery performed to open.

The results of surgery in almost 90 percent of patients survive for 25 years from the time of surgery, in general, the results are better if the fault is corrected before the patient is 12 years. The process involves long-term corrective open-heart surgery between two phases: closing the gap between the two ventricles and open the artery of the right ventricle to the lungs. A long-term results of operations would, most patients who develop normally and have normal lives. Minority of patients who have difficulty later in life with heart failure or rhythm disorders and may require additional cardiac surgery or continued therapy.
The normal heart works as follows:
• The heart has four chambers: two upper chambers called atria and two ventricles called largerchambers less. Each headset is offset by its ventricle by a separate valve.
• The heart has a left and right. The heart of the left and right by one sector (partition) separately. The right heart receives oxygen-poor blood returning from the veins or blue (superior vena cava and inferior vena cava) of the body.
• Blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, which pumps through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, the main artery in the lungs.
• In the lungs, oxygen in the blood and then returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.
• From the left atrium, blood is pumped through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps blood from the heart known in the movement of a large aortic artery.
• Blood circulates throughout the body, providing oxygen and nutrients to organs and cells.
• Institutions do not function properly if you do not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. The four defects (tetralogy) of the heart are described by fallot:
right ventricular hypertrophy: a narrowing or blockage of pulmonaryvalve and / or muscle below the pulmonary valve restriction ventricle.this right of blood flow causes an increase in right ventricular work and pressure, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy, or thickening .
• Ventricular septal defect (vsd): it is a hole in the heart wall (septum) that separates the two rooms. The hole is usually large and allows oxygen-poor blood to go in the right ventricle, mixing with oxygen-rich blood into the left ventricle. These poorly oxygenated blood is then pumped into the left ventricle to the rest of the body. The body is something "of oxygen, but not all who need it. This lack of oxygen in the blood causes cyanosis.
• Deformation of the aorta: the aorta, the aorta, the blood circulation and heart, the heart of the leaves of a dominant position of left and right ventricles. (in the normal heart, the aorta leaves the left ventricle.) This is not very important for children.
• Pulmonary stenosis (ps): the main problem with tetralogy of fallot is the degree of pulmonary stenosis, vsd is always the case. If the stenosis is mild, minimal cyanosis occurs because the blood is still mainly the lungs. However, if the ps is moderate to severe, a small amount of blood enters the lungs, as most have been pushed from right to left across the vsd.
Tetralogy of fallot represents 10-15% of all defects of heart failure (neonatal). Children with this disorder symptoms of the disease early in life